Typewriting machine



Aug. 11, 1942.

E. O. BLODGETT wwnwamme momma Filed March .15, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 wnvb l fl 11 a 1942- E. o. BLODGETT 2,292,428

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed March 15, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Aug. 11, 1942. E. o. BL'ODGETT TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed March 15, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet s PatentedAug. 11, 1942 2,292,428 TYPEWRITING MACHINE Edwin 0. Blodgett, Kenmore, N. Y., assignor to Remington Rand Inc., Buffalo, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application March 15, 1941, Serial No. 383,587

11 Claims.

This invention relates to typewriting and like machines, and more particularly to line justifying mechanism for such machines.

The main object of the present invention is to provide simple and. yet highly effective line justifying mechanism which may be applied to existing typewriting machine constructions without materially modifying the usual structural features thereof.

Another object of the present invention is to, provide a line justifying mechanism which may be readily adjusted by setting a single adjusting member to afford different extents of change in length of typewritten lines regardless of the starting point of such lines and regardless of their length,

A more specific object of the present invention is to provide a justifying mechanism including a plurality of members mounted for relative movement in the direction of movement of the carriage with means for affording different extents of letter-spacing movements of these members and adjustable means interconnecting the members with the carriage whereby the carriage may be controlled alternately by these members throughout different proportions of the length of the line to afford different extents of justification.

Other objects, purposes and characteristic features of the present invention will appear as the description thereof progresses, during which references will be made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary, vertical sectional view of the right-hand end portion of a Remington Model No. 17 typewriting machine equipped with the devices of the present invention.

Fig. .2 is a sectional view forming a continuation of Fig.1 at the left-hand end thereof.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged, horizontal sectional view taken on line 33 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is another enlarged, horizontal sectional view taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of certain parts of the mechanism shown in Fig. 1, the view showing the various parts as projected laterally from their actual assembled relation.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged, fragmentary perspective view of the right-hand rear end portion of the present mechanism.

Fig. '7 is an enlarged, fragmentary, vertical sectional view taken on line '!1 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a still further, enlarged, fragmentary sectional view taken on line 8-8 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a similar view showing a modified form of the parts shown in Fig. 8.

The devices of the present invention have been shown as embodiedin a Remington Model No. 17 typewriting machine, but it is to be understood that the invention may also be applied to other makes and models of machines.

The illustrated machine comprises an exterior frame having sides [0 which are shown in part in Figs. 1, 2 and '7. The usual printing and other associated mechanism is mounted in achassis which is in turn removably mounted within the exterior frame ID in the manner shown for example in application Serial No. 347,677 filed July 26, 1940. For the sake of clarity and simplicity, this printing mechanism and all other parts of the present machine which are not directly associated with the present invention have been omitted from the drawings.

The carriage of the present machine is mounted .in a stationary supporting frame I2 which is substantially L-shaped in cross section and is provided with spaced upper and lower carriage guide ways [4 as shown in Fig. 7. The carriage comprises an angularly disposed frame l6 which is mounted in the supporting frame I 2 for movement transversely of the machine by guide ways I! receiving the usual anti-friction bearing balls l8 which are also received by the guide ways I4. The frame I 6 is provided with the usual carriage end plates 20 which rotatively support a platen 2| in the usual manner.

The carriage is urged in a letter-spacing direction from right to left of the machine by a spring drum 25 as shown in Figs. 2 and 7, which is connected in the usual manner by a tape 26 to a bracket 21 secured to the right-hand end plate 20 of the carriage. The letter-spacing movements of the carriage are controlled by an escapement Wheel 30 and associated dog rocker mechanism which may be of the same construction as ordinarily employed in this machine and need not be modified by the present invention. The hub portion of the escapement wheel 30 is rotatively mounted on a stationary spindle screw 32 which is rigidly secured at 33 to a bracket 34 mounted on a rear cross member 35 extending between the sides IU of the exterior frame.

The dog rocker mechanism which cooperates with the teeth of the escapement wheel 30 to afford step by step letter-spacing movement thereof may be the usual construction employed in this machine as previously stated, and this mechanism may be generally described as including a rocker 38 mounted for pivotal movement about a horizontally disposed axis provided by coned pivot screws 39 carried by depending arms 40 of the bracket 35. As shown in Fig. l, a normally engaged dog 42 is pivotally mounted at the upper end of a vertically disposed arm 43 which is pivotally connected at its lower end to the rocker 38. The arm 53 is movable in one drection under the urge of the teeth of the escapement wheel 35 and in the other direction by a returning spring 54. This movement of the arm 43 is limited by two stops 45 formed at the upper end of the rocker bracket 38.

A normally disengaged dog 51 is formed integrally at the upper end portion of the rocker bracket 38 so that when the rocker 38 is moved about its pivots 39, the dog 42 is moved out of the path of the teeth of the escapement wheel and the dog 4'! is moved into the path of these teeth. The usual universal bar mechanism and space bar mechanism (not shown) are provided in the present machine for effecting this rocking movement of the rocker bracket 28, and spring returning means (also not shown) are provided to return the rocker 38 to normal position wherein the dog 42 again engages a tooth of the escapement wheel.

In the illustrated embodiment of the present invention, the justifying mechanism forms the operative connections between the escapement wheel and the carriage. This justifying mechanism includes two relatively movable members each operatively connected to the escapement wheel to move at relatively different speeds in the direction of movement of the carriage. In the particular illustrated form, these relatively movable members are rack sections 55 and mounted for relative longitudinal movement on a bar 52. The bar 52 is mounted at the rear of the carriage between the end plates 25 to extend parallel with the line of movement of the carriage in the same manner as the feed rack ordinarily employed on this machine.

Thus as may be seen in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the end portions of the bar 52 are secured by screws 53 threaded into inwardly extending lug portions of the end plates 29 of the carriage. Means are provided for affording a slight adjustment of the bar 52 relative to the carriage in the form of collars 54 each having an eccentric hole therein receiving the stem of the associated screw 53. These collars are received in horizontally elongated openings in the end portions of the bar 52 so that by turning these collars a slight ver-' tical adjustment of the bar may be obtained with relation to the carriage and thereby obtain proper meshed relation between the rack sections and the escapement wheel pinions as will later be apparent.

The two movable rack sections 55 and 5| could if desired be arranged to extend throughout the length of the carriage, but for reasons which will be later explained, the left-hand end portion of the fixed bar 52 is provided with a toothed rack section 56 along the lower edge thereof, and the movable rack sections 55 and 5| extend only from the right-hand end of this rack section 56 to the right-hand end of the carriage. At the righthand end of the rack section 56, the bar 52 is cut away along its lower edge to receive the movable rack section 55 so that the teeth of the two rack sections 55 and 55 are in alignment.

The rack section 55 is mounted for longitudinal movement from its normal illustrated position to the right along the bar 52 by a strip 58 which is suitably attached such as by spot welding along the lower edge thereof to the rear surface of the rack 55. The strip 58 extends along the rear surface of the bar 52 and the upper edge thereof may be bent over the top edge of the bar 52 as shown. The rack section 50 and strip 58 are retained in position by screws 59 threaded into tapped openings in the bar 52 with enlarged diameter stem portions of these screws passing through horizontally disposed slots 60 in the strip 58. The screws 59 are normally disposed near the right-hand ends of the slots 69 so that the rock section 55 may be moved to the right from its normal illustrated position. In the normal position of the rack 55, the left-hand end thereof engages the right-hand end of the rack section 55. p

The movable rack section 5| is disposed along the front side of the bar 52, and the left-hand end of the rack section 5| is disposed opposite the left-hand end of the rack section 55. The rack section 5| is mounted for longitudinal movement relative to the bar 52 by headed screws 52 which pass through openings in spacing collars 63 with the ends of the screws threaded into tapped openings in the bar 52. The smaller diameter portions of the collars 53 are received by horizontally elongated slots 64 in the rack section 5|, and the enlarged diameter portions of these collars serve to space the rack section 5| a slight distance in front of the bar 52. The collars 63 are normally disposed near the left-hand ends of the slots 64 so that the rack section 5| may be moved to the left from its illustrated position.

The right-hand end of the rack section 5| normally engages an adjusting collar fit which 1s mounted by a screw 61 threaded into the righthand end portion of the bar 52. The screw 61 passes through an eccentric hole in the collar 55 so that the collar may be turned to afford a slight adjustment of the normal position of the rack section 5| with relation to the bar 52 for purposes which will later be described. The two movable rack sections 55 and 5| are resiliently retained in their normal position by a contractile spring 10 extending between an upstanding portion 1| on the right-hand end of the strip 58 and an upstanding portion 12 on the intermediate portion of the rack section 5|.

Means are provided in accordance with the present invention for operatively connecting the two movable racks 50 and 5| simultaneously with the escapement wheel 30 so that these two rack sections move at a relatively different rate of speed. In the illustrated form, the movable rack section 50 forms in eifect a continuation of the rack section 56 on the bar 52, and accordingly the teeth on the rack sections 55 and 50 are the same pitch to cooperate with a single pinion 15. The pinion i5 is formed on the hub of the escapement wheel 35 so that either the rack section 56 or the rack section 50 is at all-times operatively connected with the escapement 'wheel. In the present instance, the pitch diameter of the pinion i5 is the same as the pinion ordinarily employed in this machine, and the teeth on the rack sections 55 and 50 are spaced the same distance as on the feed rack ordinarily employed in this machine.

Inasmuch as the escapement wheel-30 and the dog rocker mechanism are not altered by the present invention, it will be clear that the pinion 15 will cooperate with the rack sections 56 and. 50 -to afford normal letter-spacing movements of these parts. For example, if the escapement wheel 30 is designed for pica type, the rack sections 55 and 50 will move one-tenth of an inch for each tooth space movement of the escapement wheel 35 to thereby provide letter spacing of ten to the inch in the usual manner.

In order to extend the length of unjustified typewritten lines for the purpose of justification, the rack section is arranged to move at a greater rate of speed than the rack sections 50 and 55. Thus, a second pinion TI is formed on the hub of the escapement Wheel 30, and the pitch diameter of this pinion is greater than the pitch diameter of the pinion 15. The pinion TI is disposed in front of the pinion 75 to coact only with the movable rack section 5!. In the preferred form of the present invention, the pinion 11 .has the same number of teeth as the pinion 15 as shown for example in Fig. 8, and accordingly the circular tooth pitch of the pinion H is greater than the circular tooth pitch of the pinion 75 due to its greater pitch diameter. The circular tooth pitch of the pinion 1'! must of course be the same as the linear tooth pitch of the movable rack section 5!, but the extent which this tooth pitch of these parts exceeds the tooth pitch of the parts 15, 56 and 55 is not critical and may be selected according to the desired results without affecting any of the other parts of the machine as will later appear.

In the present instance, the teeth on the rack section 58 and on the movable section 55 have a pitch of one-tenth inch, and the teeth on the pinion 75 also have a circular pitch of one-tenth inch which is the same as the rack and pinion ordinarily employed in this machine. In the preferred form of the present invention shown particularly in Fig. 8, the teeth on the pinion T! have a circular pitch of one-eighth inch, and the linear pitch of the teeth on the movable rack section 5! is accordingly one-eighth inch. Thus, the ratio of movement of the rack sections 56 and 56 to the movement of the rack section 5| is four to five in this particular example.

In the illustrated form of the present mechanism, the escapement wheel 30 is provided with 15 teeth and the pinions l5 and H are each also provided with 15 teeth. With this arrangement, each tooth space movement of the escapement wheel afforded by operation of the dog rocker mechanism allows one-tenth inch letter-spacing movement of the rack sections 56 and 50 which is the standard letter spacing for pica type. However this same extent of movement of the escapement wheel will allow one-eighth inch letterspacing movement of the rack section 5|, so that the extent of letter-spacing movement of the carriage may be either one-tenth inch or oneeighth inch depending on whether the carriage is controlled by the rack section 58 or the rack section 5!.

Inasmuch as the two rack sections 50 and 5l can thus afford either of two different extents of letter-spacing movement of the carriage, means are provided in accordance with the present invention for causing the carriage to be alternately controlled by these two movable rack sections and to adjust the relative distances through which the carriage is controlled by each of these two rack sections. This means comprises an adjustable stop device for limiting the movement of the rack section 5ll with relation to thecarriage. In the present instance, this stop means comprises a stop lever having a headed pin 8| secured at the left-hand end thereof as shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 6. The intermediate stem portion ofthe pin BI is received in a horizontally elongated slot 83 in an upstanding portion at the right-hand end of the bar 52, which permits the right-hand end of the stop arm 80 to be moved upwardly and the stop arm to be moved bodily to the right from its illustrated position. The left-hand end of the stop arm 80 is rounded concentrically with the pin 8| to provide a stop surface for coacting with the right-hand end of the upstanding portion 1| of the strip 58 on the rack section 50.

In the illustrated position of the stop arm 80, theleft-hand rounded end thereof is in engagement with the right-hand end of the extension H of the strip 58, and the stop arm 80 is retained against movement to the right from this position by a detent tooth 85 formed in the lower edge thereof to engage in a notch in a detent plate 86 rigidly secured to the rear surface of the righthand end portion of the bar 52. This right-hand end portion of the bar 52 extends beyond the end plate 20 of the carriage, and this extending portion of the bar is bent forwardly to provide a flat horizontal surf-ace 8'! as shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 5. The right-hand end portion of the stop arm 80 extends upwardly and is formed into a portion 88 which partially embraces the portion 81 of the bar 52. This end portion 88 of the stop arm carries a leaf spring 95 secured to the portion thereof which underlies the lower surface of the portion 81 of the bar 52 as shown in Figs. 1 and 6. The free end of this leaf spring 50 engages the lower horizontal surface of the portion 81 of the bar 52 to react thereagainst and hold the detent tooth 85 in a notch on the detent plate 86.

The detent plate 86 is provided with a series of evenly spaced notches as clearly shown in Fig. 6, and these notches are spaced the same distance as the normal letter spacing afforded by the machine, which in the presentcase is one-tenth of an inch. The end portion 88 of the stop arm is provided with an upstanding knob 89 whereby the right-hand end of the stop arm may be raised to turn about the pivot pin 8| against the force of the spring 90 to a position wherein the detent tooth 85 is clear of the notches in the detent plate 86. The stop arm 80 may thus be moved to the right from its illustrated position to any one of eight different positions wherein the detent tooth 85 engages one of the several notches provided in the detent plate 86.

In order to facilitate setting the stop arm 80, a cut-out portion is provided in the end portion 88 forming pointers cooperating with scale divisions and numeral indices suitably marked on the horizontal end portion 81 0f the bar 52 as shown for example in Figs. 4 and 6. In the illustrated form, the stop arm 80 maybe set in any one of eight different positions in addition to the 0 position shown, and it is to be understood that a greater extent of adjustment could be provided if desired. Thus, the stop arm in its illustrated "0 position engages the righthand end of the plate on the rack section 50 so that no movement of this rack section is afforded with relation to the carriage. However, the stop arm may be moved to the right from this position a distance equal to from one to eight letter spaces, thereby permitting the rack section 50 to move a corresponding distance with relation to thecarriage.

In using the present justifyingmechanism, the stop arm 80 is set in its illustrated position and a trial or original copy of the subject matter is typed in the usual manner. In typing this trial or unjustified copy, each line is ended at the end of a word or syllable which is as close as possible to the desired right-hand margin line but which does not extend beyond such margin line. After such trial copy has been typed, the subject matter is rewritten in justified form by setting the stop arm 80 before each line is retyped at a position determined by the required extension of the length of that line.

In typing the justified copy, the margin stop determining the left-hand margin line is set at a position so that each line is started with the carriage at a position wherein some point on the fixed rack section 55 is in engagement with the pinion 15. In order to obtain maximum extension of lines in narrow columns, it is preferable that each line should be started with the pinion I engaging the rack section 55 near the right-hand end thereof.

In considering the operation of the present mechanism, it will be considered that a line is to be justified which as originally type was one letter space short of the desired right-hand margin line, and accordingly in retyping this line the stop arm 88 is set at the 1 position to move the left-hand end thereof one letter space or one-tenth of an inch to the right of the end of the plate on the movable rack section 58. Thus in retyping this line, some of the characters at the beginning of the line may be typed with the fixed rack section 55 in engagement with the v pinion 15, but when the end of the rack section 56 passes over the pinion 15, the rack sections 50 and 5! will both have become engaged with the teeth of the pinions l5 and '51 respectively. When the teeth of the section 56 have moved clear of the teeth of the pinion '55, it will be clear that the rack section 5| will alone be holding the carriage against the urge of the spring drum inasmuch as the rack section 5!] is free to move to the right relative to the carriage. Accord ingly, the next four characters typed will each be spaced one-eighth of an inch instead of onetenth of an inch due to the abnormal ratio of the operative connection between the rack section 51 and the escapement wheel.

It will thus be clear that with the stop arm 85 set at the 1 position, the carriage will be controlled in its letter-spacing movement by the rack section 5| for the first half inch of travel after the rack section 56 has passed by the pinion l5. During this half inch of travel of the carriage, four characters are typed instead of the usual five and accordingly the length of the line is increased to the extent of one letter space or one-tenth of an inch.

After typing these four characters under control of the rack 5!, it will be clear that the carriage has moved one-tenth of an inch to the left with relation to the rack 59 and accordingly the left-hand end of the stop arm 88 has just moved into engagement with the right-hand end of the strip 58 on the rack 59. Thus as further characters are typed to complete the line, regardless of its length, these characters will all be spaced a normal distance of one-tenth of an inch due to the fact that the carriage cannot move farther to the left with relation to the rack 50 and accordingly this rack section will alone be controlling the letter spacing. While this remaining portion of the line is being typed under control of the rack section 50, it will be clear that the rack section 5| will be moved at a greater rate of speed and accordingly it will move to the left with relation to the carriage and the rack section 58.

If another line is required to be extended a distance of two letter spaces in order to reach the desired right-hand margin, the stop arm is set at 2 position thereby moving the lefthand end of the arm two-tenths of an inch to the right of the end of the strip 58 of the rack section 58. Thus in retyping this line, the rack section 5| will control the letter-spacing movements of the carriage throughout one inch of travel thereof after the rack section 56 has passed over the pinion 15. During this one inch of travel of the carriage under control of the rack section 5!, eight characters will be typed rather than the usual ten so that at the end of this one inch of movement the length of the line is extended two letter spaces and the left-hand end of the stop member 89 has moved into engagement with the right-hand end of the strip 58 of the rack 53. The further movement of the carriage will then be under control of the rack section 55 to afford normal one-tenth inch spacing of the characters.

In a very similar manner, it will be apparent that the length of unjustified lines may also be extended to the extent of two, three, four, five, six, seven and eight letter spaces merely by setting the stop arm at at the corresponding position on the scale on the member 81. In each instance, the carriage will be controlled by the rack section 5! throughout a distance of onehalf inch for each letter space of extension of the length of the line. In other words, if the stop arm is set at 4, the carriage will be controlled by the rack section 5| through a distance of two inches, and if set at 8 through a distance of four inches.

From the above, it will be apparent that there is a limitation on the extent of expansion which is possible in any given length of line, or for example in a column three inches wide, the maximum extension of a line is six letter spaces and in a four inch column the maximum is eight letter spaces. These figures only apply to the one specific example of the connecting means between the rack section 5! and the escapement wheel which is shown as the preferred form of the present invention, and the maximum value of justification which may be obtained in any given length line may be changed by a change in the ratio of this connecting means.

In the modified form of the rack 5i and pinion 1'! shown in Fig. 9, the rack 54 has the same tooth pitch 'as the other rack sections-55 and 56. Accordingly, the circular tooth pitch 1! is the same as the circular tooth pitch of the pinion 15, but in this instance the pinion TI is provided with eighteen teeth as compared to fifteen teeth on the pinion 15. With this arrangement, the results obtained are very similar to those obtained with the form of the rack 5i and pinion H shown in Fig. 8, and the other parts of the present mechanism need not be modified by the use of the particular form shown in Fig. 9. In the modified form shown in Fig. 9, the ratio of movement of the rack 55 to the rack 5| is five to six, while this ratio in the form shown in Fig. 8 is four to five. Thus with the form shown in Fig. 9, the carriage moves the same distance in spacing five characters under control of the rack 5| as it does in normally spacing six characters under control of the rack 50, while with the form shown in Fig. 8, the carriage travels the same distance in spacing four characters-under control of the rack as it does in normally spacing five characters under control of the rack 50.

In the above described operation of the present machine, it will be understood that the carriage may be returned to the right after completing a line of typing in the usual manner. This return movement of the carriage is against the force of the spring drum 25 and the normally engaged dog 42 is moved out of the path of the teeth of the escapement wheel 30 by the reverse rotation thereof. During the first part of this return movement of the carriage, the escapement wheel will be turned by the rack sections 50 and 5|, which at this time may permit the carriage to move a short distance to the right relative thereto against the force of the spring 70 if the present mechanism is set to afford justification. Accordingly, the spring 70 may be made sufficiently strong to overcome the slight force required to turn the escapement wheel in the reverse direction so that there will be no unwarranted relative movement between the rack sections 50 and 5| and the carriage during this return movement. In any event, it will be clear that the spring will insure that the rack sections 50 and 5| are returned to their normal positions when the carriage is returned to the starting point wherein the fixed rack section 56 engages the pinion 15.

The normal position of the rack section 5| is determined by the engagement of the right-hand end portion thereof with the eccentric collar 66 as previously described. This collar 66 may be adjusted about its holding screw 61 to adjust the normal position of the rack section 5! so that the teeth at the left-hand end thereof move into engagement with the teeth of the pinion 11 smoothly and without loss motion as the teeth of the fixed rack section 56 move out of engagement with the pinion 15.

In a machine equipped with the present justifying mechanism, the carriage may be back spaced by the usual mechanism operating on the teeth of the escapement wheel 30 and the extent of the back spacing movement applied to the carriage will of course depend on whether the rack section 5| or the rack sections 50 or 56 is at that point controlling the carriage. Likewise, the carriage may be released for movement in the letter-spacing direction by the usual mechanism controlled by the manual carriage release levers or the tabulator mechanism. In this machine the carriage is released by disengaging the normally engaged dog 42 from the teeth of the escapement wheel.

A simple and yet highly effective line justifying mechanism has thus been provided which may be readily adjusted merely by setting the single adjusting member 80 to afiord different extents of change in length of typewritten lines regardless of the starting point of such lines and regardless of their length, In other words, the typing of a line may start with the carriage in any position wherein the rack section 56 is in mesh with the pinion 15 and after the required number of characters have been spaced an abnormal distance to provide the required justification, the remaining characters in the line are spaced the normal distance so that it is immaterial how many characters remain to be typed after this justification has been effected.

The justifying mechanism of the present invention has been shown and described in connection with the usual form of escapement wheel and dog rocker mechanism under control of the printing keys and space bar for affording uniform letter spacing. However, it is to be understood that this justifying mechanism may also be employed in combination with an escapement Wheel and dog rocker mechanism for affording variable letter spacing according to the different Widths of printed characters.

It will also be understood that the present invention may be applied to the kind of typewriting machine having a fiat platen wherein the printing instrumentalities are carried by and travel with the carriage as well as the platencarrying carriage illustrated in the present drawings. The invention may also be applied to the type of machine wherein the escapement mechanism is mounted on the movable carriage and the feed rack is mounted on a stationary part of the frame of the machine.

It is also to be understood that in th foregoing description, no attempt has been made to point out all thealternate or optional features of construction that may be employed, and that various modifications, adaptations and alternations may be applied to meet the requirements of practice without departing from the present invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

The invention claimed is:

1. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, an escapement wheel, a first pinion operatively connected to said escapement wheel, a second pinion operatively connected to said escapement wheel and having a greater tooth-pitch diameter than said first pinion, a fixed rack section on said carriage coacting with said first pinion during the initial portion of movement of the carriage in a letter-spacing direction, a first movable rack section mounted for movement relative to said carriage in a direction opposite to the letter-spacing movement thereof and coacting with said first pinion during the latter portion of movement of the carriage, a second movable rack section mounted for movement relative to said carriage in the direction of letterspacing movement thereof and coacting with said second pinion during said latter portion of'movement of the carriage, and manually settable means for affording Variable extents of said movement of said first movable rack section relative to said carriage.

2. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, an escapement wheel, a first pinion operatively connected to said escapement wheel, a second pinion operatively connected to said escapement Wheel and having the same number of teeth as said first pinion, a fixed rack section on said carriage coacting with said first pinion during the initial portion of movement of the carriage in a letter-spacing direction, a first movable rack section mounted for movement relative to said carriage in a direction opposite to the letter-spacing movement thereof and 00- acting with said first pinion during the latter portion of movement of the carriage, a second movable rack section mounted for movement relative to said carriage in the direction of letterspacing movement thereof and coacting with said second pinion during said latter portion of movement of the carriage, said second movable rack section having a greater tooth pitch than said first movable rack section, and manually settable means for affording variable extents of said movement of said first movable rack section relative to said. carriage.

3. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, an escapement wheel, a first pinion operatively connected to said escapement wheel, a second pinion operatively connected to said escapement wheel and having a greater tooth pitch diameter and a greater number of teeth than said first pinion, a fixed rack section on said carriage coacting with said first pinion during the initial portion of movement of the carriage in a letter-spacing direction, a first movable rack section mounted for movement relative to said carriage in a direction opposite to the letter-spacing movement thereof and coacting with said first pinion during the latter portion of movement of the carriage, a second movable rack section mounted for movement relative to said carriage in the direction of letter-spacing movement thereof and coacting with said second pinion during said latter portion of movement of the carriage, said second movable rack section having the same tooth pitch as said first movable rack section, and manually settable means for affording variable extents of said movement of said first movable rack section relative to said carriage.

4. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, an escapement wheel, a pinion operatively connected to said escapement wheel, a fixed rack section on said carriage coacting with said pinion during the initial movement of the carriag in a letter-spacing direction, a first movable rack section on said carriage coasting with said pinion during the latter movement of the carriage in a letter-spacing direction, a second pinion operatively connected to said escapement wheel, a second movable rack section on said carriage coacting with said second pinion during said latter movement Of the carriage and arranged to move at a different speed than said first movable rack, spring means acting to return said movable rack sections to normal position, and adjustable stop means for limiting the extent of movement of one of said racks relative to said carriage.

, 5. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, escapement mechanism therefor including a first rack mounted for movement relative to said carriage in a direction opposite to letter-spacing movement thereof, a second rack having teeth spaced a greater distance than the teeth of said first rack and mounted for movement relative to said carriage in the direction of the letter-spacing movement thereof, spring means for opposing said movement of each of said racks relative to the carriage, means cooperating simultaneously with the teeth of each of said racks to afford letter-spacing movements thereof, and manually adjustable means for limiting the movement of said first rack relative to the carriage.

6. In a typewriting machine, the combination including an escapement wheel, feed dogs coopof a carriage, escapement mechanism therefor erating with said escapement wheel, and line justifying means operatively connecting said escapement wheel with said carriage including a plurality of feed racks having diiferent ratio operative connections with said escapement wheel,

aeeaezs each rack being mounted on the carriage for longitudinal movement relative thereto, and adjustable means cooperating with one of said racks to afford various increments of longitudinal movement thereof relative to said carriage,

7. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, escapement mechanism therefor including an escapement wheel, feed dogs cooperating with said escapement wheel, and line justifying means operatively connecting said escapement wheel with said carriage including a plurality of feed racks having different ratio operative con nections with said escapement wheel, each rack being mounted on the carriage for longitudinal movement relative thereto, and adjustable means for limiting the relative movement between the carriage and one of the racks thereby causing each of said racks to be effective to operatively connect the carriage with the escapement wheel throughout different relative extents of the travel of the carriage. r

8. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, escapement mechanism therefor including an escapement wheel, feed dogs cooperating with said escapement wheel, and line justifying means operatively connecting said escapement wheel with said carriage including a plurality of feed racks having different ratio operative connections with said escapement wheel, and adjustable means for limiting the relative movement between the carriage and one of the racks thereby causing each of said racks to be effective to operatively connect the carriage with the escapement wheel throughout different relative extents of the travel of the carriage.

9. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, escapement mechanism therefor including two members mounted on said carriage for movement relative thereto, means cooperating simultaneously with each of said members to afford different relative extents of letter-spacing movements thereof, and manually adjustable means for affording various increments of movement of one of said members relative to said carriage.

10. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, escapement mechanism therefor including a plurality of racks, means cooperating simultaneouly with each of said racks to afford relatively different extents of letter-spacing movements thereof, and means for alternately connecting said racks to said carriage to control the letter-spacing movements thereof during the p g of one line of characters.

11. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, escapement mechanism therefor including a plurality of racks, means cooperating simultaneously with each of said racks to afford relatively different extents of letter-spacing movements thereof, means for mounting each of said racks for longitudinal movement in relatively opposite directions with relation to said carriage, and stop means acting between said racks and said carriage for causing the carriage to be controlled alternately by said racks during movement of the carriag to space the characters of a single line of printing.

EDWIN O. BLODGETT.

CERTIFICATE OF CCRRECTTCN. LL

t .11 1 2. Patent No. 2,292,L;28. Augus 9 EDWIN O. BLODGETT.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above column, line line 16, for

column, line 25-26, for "alternations" read -alterations-; page and numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2,first 10, for "drection" "rock section 50" read direction-; and second column, read -rack section 50-; page 14., first 6, first column, line" "of a carriage, escapement mechanism therefor" insert and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this Correction therein" that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 15th day of September, A. D. 19142.

claim 6, strike out the same after "combination" in line "l, same claim;

Henry Van Arsdale,

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

26, for "type" read "type-d page 5, second column, line fi 

